The First Keepers of the Claim: Hiram Revels, Joseph Rainey, and the Black Men Who Entered Congress While Slavery Was Still Breathing – Footnotes

United States Senate, “Hiram Revels: First African American Senator.” The Senate states that Hiram Revels of Mississippi became the first African American member of the U.S. Senate and took the oath on February 25, 1870. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/senate-stories/First-African-American-Senator.html
U.S. House of Representatives, History, Art & Archives, “Representative Joseph Rainey of South Carolina, the First African American to Serve in the House.” The House identifies Joseph Rainey as the first African American member of the U.S. House of Representatives and notes that Rainey and his parents were enslaved before his father purchased the family’s freedom. https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/Representative-Joseph-Rainey-of-South-Carolina%2C-the-first-African-American-to-serve-in-the-House/
United States Senate, “The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act.” The Senate records that the 1862 act freed enslaved people in Washington, D.C., and compensated owners up to $300 for each freed person. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/civil_war/DCEmancipationAct_FeaturedDoc.html
National Archives, “The Freedmen’s Bureau.” The National Archives states that the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands was established by Congress on March 3, 1865, and was responsible for matters relating to refugees, freedmen, and abandoned or seized lands. https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/freedmens-bureau

About Eric Frazier

Your Trusted Advisor in Business and Wealth.

Mission, Vision & Core Values

To provide trusted, transparent, and transformative consulting that empowers individuals, families, and businesses

Billing Policy

What We Charge & Why Choose an Hourly Consultant

Ethical Business Practices & My Commitment to Clients

Integrity, transparency, and lifelong client relationships built on trust.

Transparency & Accountability

Ensuring clients are billed fairly, accurately, and with complete trust.

Real Estate as a Commodity & Time Expectations

Understanding how pricing, condition, and motivation shape the time to sell.

Terms and Conditions

Website use, membership subscriptions, cancellation, and refund terms.

Real Estate, Homeownership, Family & Finance

Explore the Magazines

Real Estate Magazine

Eric Frazier’s HUD Magazine

Faith, Family & Finance Magazine

100 Black Men Magazine

Explore More with Membership

Real Estate Magazine

Eric Frazier's HUD Magazine

Faith, Family & Finance Magazine

The First Keepers of the Claim: Hiram Revels, Joseph Rainey, and the Black Men Who Entered Congress While Slavery Was Still Breathing – Footnotes

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply